Ukusebenzisa izipakethi zemithambo ukugcina kwezinsuku eziningi ngokwesihlwa

Ngani izipakethi zemithambo zivimba ukuthi emithambweni kufana nokuthi kuhlelwa kwezinsuku zokuhlwa

Ukuvimbela kwezibhakabhaka, ozon, amanzi, nokuthi kubusa: izinkambo ezine ezingenayo ukuthi kuzoba yindawo yokuthi emithambweni kufana nokuthi kubusa

Ukuyeka amathayi asuke esebenza ngesikhathi esithile emkhathini kuwubeka engozini yezinto eziningana ezisheshisa ukuwohloka kwawo. Ukukhanya kwelanga kubangela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-photoxidation, okususa ama-molecule enjoloba kuze kube yilapho sibona imifantu yakha ebusweni futhi impahla ilahlekelwa ukuqina kwayo. Kukhona ne-ozone emoyeni ehlasela igoma, okubonakala ngokukhethekile ezindaweni lapho isondo liye lacindezelwa khona okuthile ngesikhathi ligcinwa. Lezi zinhlayiya ezincane ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma zingavikelwe. Amanzi ayinkinga ngoba aholela ekugqwalileni kwamabhande ensimbi ngaphakathi kwamathayi futhi akhuthaze nokukhula kwesikhunta, okungekho kulokhu okuhle ngesakhiwo segoma. Lapho amazinga okushisa eshintsha ngaphezu kuka - 50 degrees Fahrenheit usuku ngalunye, ukwanda nokuqina okuqhubekayo kuyasheshisa inqubo yokuguga. Uma konke sekuqondile, ukugcina amathayi ngaphandle kokuwavikela kunganciphisa isikhathi sawo sokuphila ngamaphesenti angu-20 kuya kwangu-35. Yingakho abantu abaningi manje besebenzisa izikhwama zamathayi ezikhethekile eziqinisekiswe izindinganiso ze-ASTM. Lezi zikhwama zakha isithiyo esivimbela zonke lezo zinto ezilimaza okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla, zigcina amathayi ephephile ekulimaleni lapho izinkinga ziqala khona.

Ukuthi ukuzivikela kwe-ASTM D1149 nokuzivikela kwe-SAE J2236 kuvumela ukuthi iphrofayili yebhag ye-tire iyasebenza kanjani

Abakhiqizi bahlola izikhwama zamathayi ezinamandla amakhulu ngokuya ngamazinga embonini, okuyinto eyenza iminyaka yokulimala kwesimo sezulu ibe masonto ambalwa nje kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, i-ASTM D1149 ibeka izinto ezingeni le-ozone eliphakeme kakhulu elingu-50 kuya ku-100 ezingxenyeni eziyizigidi eziyikhulu cishe kuma-degree angu-104 Fahrenheit. Bafuna ukubona ukuthi izinto ezibonakalayo zimelana kanjani nokwephuka ngoba lokho kwephuka okuncane kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezindongeni zamathayi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kukhona futhi i-SAE J2236 ebheka ukuthi izikhwama zikhuthazeka kanjani lapho zinyakaziswa futhi zigobile, into amathayi ayizwa njalo ezimweni zangempela. Izikhwama ezisezingeni eliphakeme aziqhekeki nhlobo ngisho nalapho zelulelwa ngaphezu kuka-20%. Ngaphandle kwalezi zivivinyo, abakhiqizi baphinde bahlole ukuvikelwa kwe-UV ngokulandela imihlahlandlela ye-ASTM G154 ngamahora angaphezu kuka-5 000 okuhlolwa kwe-xenon arc. Ukusakazeka komswakama kuhlale kuphansi kakhulu ngaphansi kuka-0.1 amagremu ngemitha eyisikwele ngosuku futhi izikhwama zisebenza ngokuthembekile emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu kusuka kuma-minus degrees angu-22 kuya kuma-degree angu-140 Fahrenheit. Zonke lezi zivivinyo zibalulekile ngoba izikhwama eziqinisekisiwe zinciphisa amazinga okuxubana cishe ngo-90% uma kuqhathaniswa nokushiyelwa phansi kwamathayi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igoma lihlala linwebeka isikhathi eside, ligcina amandla alo, futhi ligcina isakhiwo salo singonakalisiwe phakathi nalezo zinyanga lapho amathayi engasetshenziswanga.

Ukukhetha Ibagi Zemithambo Esebenzayo: Imithambo, Ububanzi, nokuthinteka kwe-UV

Polyethylene vs. polypropylene: ukuchazela ubukhulu bekhotho lokugcina amafutha nokuthinteka kwe-UV

Isizathu esenza i-polyethylene isebenze kahle kangaka njengesivikelo somswakama ukuthi ama-molecule ayo ahlelwe ngendlela evimbela umusi wamanzi ngokuphumelelayo. Lokhu kusiza ekuvimbeleni izinto ezinjengogwayi ukuba ungaboli namabhande ukuba angagugi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-polypropylene nayo iyamelana kahle namakhemikhali, kodwa kunenkinga. Ngaphandle kwalezo zinto eziqinisa i-UV njenge-carbon black ezingeziwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, iqala ukuwohloka lapho ivezwa elangeni futhi iba buthakathaka. Okwenza i-polyethylene ivelele nakuba kungukuthi ihlala kanjani iguquguquka ngisho nalapho ama-temp eshintsha kusuka emakhazeni kakhulu (ama-degree angu-50 Fahrenheit noma ngaphezulu) yonke indlela kuze kube yizimo ezishisayo kakhulu ezungeze u-180F. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igcina izihlungi ziqinile eduze kwamathayi lapho i-ozone ingase ingene khona ngezikhala, okuyinto wonke umuntu ayaziyo ukuthi iholela ekuqhekekeni kwasekuqaleni kwezindonga zamathayi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-polypropylene endala evamile ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kahle yi-UV iba yinkinga uma ishiywe eduze kwamafasitela noma igcinwe ezindlini zepulasitiki ezicacile. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuqina kwesikhathi eside, abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ikhono le-polyethylene lokuvimbela umusi nokusingatha ukuguquka kwezinga lokushisa lenza kube ngcono kakhulu ukugcina imishini phakathi nenkathi engekho.

Izisombululo sezinto ezingaphambili: ubude obungu-6-mil, izinkokhelo zokuvimbela UV (isibonelo, umnyama wemboni), nokufakwa kwezinkampani ezifanayo ne-ASTM

Izisombululo eziprofiliwe ziyahlinza izihlilo zesihlilo esihle kusukela kwezinye ezingafanele:

• ubude obungu-6-mil : Kusinika ukuthi isihlilo sikhanyise ngokuphelele kubuso bokugcina okanye kubhokisiwe kwezihlilo, futhi kusinika ukuthi isihlilo sikhanyise ngokuphelele—izihlilo ezingaphansi kuka-4 mil zingakhathazeki ngokuphansi kwezinye zokugcina, zikubonisa isihlilo kweoksijini nokuhumidhi.
• Izinkokhelo zokuvimbela UV : Izinkokhelo zomnyama wemboni zithatha 99.7% yezimboni zokuvimbela UV, zikhubaza ukuthi izimboni zivimbela ukuthi isihlilo sishintsha futhi sikhuphule ukuthi sisikhathi sokushintsha kwayo nokuthi sikhuphule ukuthi sikhanyise ngokuphelele. Izihlilo ezingavumelekile zivimbela UV ngaphezu kuka-80%.
• Izinkampani eziyafanayo ne-ASTM G154 : Iziphakade zokuchitha ngokuthakatha ziyabhekana ngokuphelele, zikhubaza ukuthi amasiko aqondene ngezinye—iziphephetho ezingaqondene zivimbela ukuthi izimboni zokuzenzakalela zingene, okuyisiphumo esikhulu sokuthi isihlilo sishintsha ngokuphelele.

Yenza njalo ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi i-dokhumenti yokuthi i-ASTM yekhaya yasekhaya yisibonelo sokuthi iyasebenza ngokuphelele phambi kokuthenga. Abahlinzeki abanobubi bakhona bakhuphela izirayithi zokuzenzakalela okuthi ziyasebenza ngokuphelele ngokwesibonelo se-D1149, J2236, ne-G154—akukho zizwi zokuthenga kuphela.

Ukwenza Ukubhala Ithayela Ngokulandela Izingxenye Zonke Ukuze Kuphelele Kakhulu

Ukuzama Kabefore ukubhala: ukuchitha, ukususa amanzi, ukulungisa ubunzima be-inkulungwane, nokubhala izibhalo

Qala ngokuwasha kahle lawo mathayela ngamanzi avamile nensipho engenawo umthelela we-pH ukuze ususe wonke usawoti wendlela, uthuli lwamabhuleki, nokungcola okuvamile okunamathele kuwo. Lezi zinhlayiya ezihlabayo zingasheshisa umonakalo we-oxidation ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngemva kokuwasha, qiniseka ukuthi ususa yonke into kahle futhi uvumele amathayi ome ngokuphelele endaweni enomthunzi lapho kunomoya omuhle. Sikhuluma okungenani ngamahora angu-48 lapha ngoba umswakama osele ungadala imifantu ezindongeni eziseceleni futhi ukhule ngisho nesikhunta noma amagciwane. Uma kuziwa ekufukuleni, phompa cishe ama-psi angu-10 kuya kwangu-15 ngaphezulu kunalokho okutuswa ngokujwayelekile. Lokhu kunikeza isembozo sesondo ukwesekwa okwengeziwe ngaphandle kokubeka umthwalo omkhulu emgqeni noma ezingqimbeni zangaphakathi. Ungakhohlwa ukumaka isondo ngalinye ngokucacile ngokuthi lavela kuphi ekuqaleni njenge-LF yangaphambili kwesobunxele, akunjalo? Bhala lokhu kokubili endaweni yokuhamba nangaphandle kwanoma iyiphi isikhwama sokugcina abazobe beyigcine kuso. Kwenza kube lula ukuwabuyisela emuva kamuva futhi kusiza ukulandelela indlela izikhundla ezahlukene ezithinta ngayo indlela agqokwa ngayo. Okokugcina, bheka eduze imisele yethayela ukuze ubone ukuthi awunawo yini amatshe noma ukungcola okungathiwa kunamathele lapho futhi uhlole kahle lezo zimbazo zama-valve ukuze ubone ukuthi azikho yini izinto ezivuzayo. Ukuvalwa okungalungile kuvumela i-ozone ukuba ingene ngaphakathi futhi idle izinto zangaphakathi ngokushesha ngokuphindwe kathathu kunokujwayelekile ngokusho kochwepheshe bemboni kusuka ezifundweni zango-2023.

Izindlela zokusebenza eziphelele kuzo ukugcina, ukufaka emaphakathi, nokugcina (emhlabeni omkhulu, oshwele, ongakho, ngaphandle kwezinye izinyathelo)

Kodukubhala lezi zibhokisi zokugcina, qiniseka ukuthi ubhale ngokujabula konke kuzo zonke izinyathelo ukuze zibe nesikhungo esihle esikhubazekile kusukela kumoya nezilwane zokufika. Ufuna ukuvimbela okuningi? Yenza futhi ukubhala isitape esisivimbelo sokushisa ngaphakathi kwesikhungo. Faka lezi tayela ezifakwe kahle emapalatini wamadolo engakho kumaphansi amaconcrete ngoba amaconcrete ayithatha umoya wamafutha futhi ayishisa ngqo kuphakathi kwemvulamlilo, okwenza ukuthi ibe yinkanani kakhulu ngokuphambuka kokunye ngokwesibonelo sika-ASTM. Qiniseka ukuthi iziqondiso zingaba zingaphezu kwezintathu zezintathu, faka izinhlobo zezintathu ngokuhle ngaphakathi kwezinyathelo ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuguqula ngoba ukuguqula kuyakwenza ukuthi ifomu yizigqila ngokuphambuka kokunye. Indawo yokugcina efanele kufanele ikhulela phansi kwe-25 degrees Celsius noma ngokwesibonelo sika-77 Fahrenheit, ikhulela umoya wamafutha phakathi kwe-40 kuya ku-50 percent, futhi ikhulela phakathi kwezilwane zokubhala. Konke okuphambuka ngama-10 degrees ngaphezu kwe-25 degree mark kuyakhulisa ngokushesha izindlela zokuxhuma. Musa ukuzibiza izipaki zokuvimbela zonke kuzo zonke izibhokisi ukuze zithathe umoya wamafutha owenziwe. Izindlu zokugcina ziyasebenza kahle kunezindlu zokugcina zezindlu eziphambuka ngokushesha ngosuku ngosuku, ngamanye amasonto ayaguqula ngaphezu kwe-30 degrees Fahrenheit futhi ayenzela izinkinga zonke zokuxhuma nokuguqula kwezilwane.