Amaphetha amathathu we-diaper pail angenakho umthwalo wokushisa noma awangenakho: Yini eyinconywa kakhulu ukuthi ithintele umsindo?

Phantsi Izipakethi zokubhala kwezinkundla zokubhala izibhanku Ukuphatha Ukuphuma Kwemifula: Ukubeka Isihlombe Sokugcina, Ukukhulula Ukuphuma Kwemifula, Nokugcinwa Kwemifula Kwezinhloso Zokusebenza Ngokwempilo

Umehluko Wombili: Ukubeka Isihlombe Sokugcina Ngokwesiphakathi Noma Ukukhulula Ukuphuma Kwemifula Ngokwesikhemikhali

Amaphetha okugcina amaphepha akhombisa ukuthi kubhekana nezinye izindlela ezimbili zokulungisa isitha: ukugcina ngokwesibonelo sokugcina futhi ukulungisa ngokwezinkemistry. Ukugcina ngokwesibonelo sisebenzisa iifilm eziningi zezindawo—ezingaqondwa ngokuphelele ngo-EVOH (ethylene vinyl alcohol)—okuyinto ekwenza umlando wokuhamba kwezinye izigas ezingasitha. Umaphetha owodwa okugcinwa kungakhutshwa kuzo okukhulu kwe-oxygen ku-1 cc/m²/day (iziphumo zezinsizakalo zomthombo, 2023), okufaka izibhacteria zokuxhumana ne-oxygen esikhathini sokuthi zihlabe isitha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukulungisa ngokwezinkemistry sisebenzisa izinkqubo ezithile njenge-carbon ephumelelayo noma i-zinc oxide ukuhlambulula izinkqubo zokuthi zihlabe (VOCs) njenge-ammonia noma i-butyric acid. Amaphetha okugcina amanqumayo ayisitha ayisitha ngokwamagama, kodwa amaphetha angamanqumayo ayisitha ayisitha ngokwesibonelo sokugcina futhi ukulungisa ngokwezinkemistry ngaphandle kokufaka izinkqubo eziningi. Iziphumo zezinsizakalo zezinsizakalo zokuhlola zikubonisa ukuthi i-carbon ephumelelayo ingahlambulula ama-95% we-ammonia ngemuva kwe-24 amahora (NIOSH, 2021), okuvumela ukuthi ukudlala phakathi kwezibonelo zokugcina ezinamandla noma ukulungisa ngokwezinkemistry kuyenza ukuthi kubhekana nezinye izindlela zokulungisa isitha ngokuphelele.

Ukholwa Wemithi Yokubhala Ngamaphuzu (isb. Zinc Oxide, Amaphuzu Ama-Activated Carbon)

Iz-plastiki ezidebelezayo zokuvula izinye zokuvula zisebenzisa izinto eziqondwe kumiphumela yazo. I-zinc oxide, ekhululwe kubag ethu lediaper, isebenza njengomkhanyakatho ophakanyiswe ngokwesibonelo sokuvula izinye zokuvula xa kubonwa yilizwele—kanye nokublokha ukuvula kwesibonelo sokuvula ukuze kususwe ubunzima bethu lebag. Izikhathi zesikharboni esivusekile, esenzelwe ngokusebenzisa isitambo esiphakeme kakhulu, zihlala nezinhlobo zezindawo zokuphatha kakhulu—igaramu eyodwa inehlaba elingaphezu kwe-1,000 m² yokuphatha. Lezi zikhathi zivula ngokwesibonelo izinye zokuvula zokufana ne-ammonia nezinkolelo zesulfur ngokusebenzisa izimithi zokuvula zokugcina, ngokwesiqhelo sesithembiso se-ASTM D5742-16. Umsebenzi woku-2022 wabonisa ukuthi izirefill eziphakanyisiwe ngokwesikharboni esivusekile zilavula amoniya asebhaleni ngokuphakamisa kwe-83% kungezinye zebag zepolyethylene. Uma kuyisirefill esingasoloko, ukusebenza kuyisibonelo sokuziphatha kwezinye zokuvula—kanye nokubonwa kwenhliziyo yokweshwa ukuthi izibag ezinokuvula kwezinc oxide zisobala kwe-90% yekhaya yazo yokuqala yokuvula izinye zokuvula nakuba kusebenzisa kakhulu kwezinye zediaper ngemihouri engu-72, okukhomba ukuthi kunezinqumo ezinamandla, esingasoloko.

Amasimbi okukhanya okunemihlaba noma akunemihlaba: Iziphakamiso zokusebenza kusuka kwezilingo zokuziphatha nekusebenzisa emahlabeni

Amasimbi okukhanya okunemihlaba: Ukubuka ama-ammonia ne-butryic acid noma ukuvikela ngempilo — Okuthi kubonakala kuzilungiselelo zokuhlanganisa

Amasimbi amakhulu okukhanya kwamasimbi awaphansi kuyizinkampani (ama-ammonia kusuka kwezinkampani zokukhanya) ne-butryic acid (isibonelo esisodwa sokukhanya emasimbi). Amasimbi okukhanya okunemihlaba ayisebenzisa amafragrance okukhanya ukubuka—akavikeli—lezi zinto. Umsebenzi wokuphathelana we-2022 wokuphathelana kwezilingo wazimisa izinkampani zama-ammonia ngalendlela yokuphathelana: amasimbi okukhanya okunemihlaba okwesibhakabhaka ne-okwesibhakabhaka sokukhanya wazimisa okubonakala ukuthwasa kwakuphela ngama-65% kwanokwakhiwa, kodwa amaphuzu ase-ammonia akhuphuka ngama-120% ngemva kwezinsizakwane eziyisibili njengoba iscent ayathwasa kabusha ngemva kwezinsizakwane eziyisibili. Kungenzeka kakhulu, izinkampani zesi-scent zingahlanganisa ne-ammonia ukwenza izinkampani ezintsha ze-amine—okuyisibonelo sokuguqula ukuthwasa kungaphandle kokususa ukuthwasa. Izivivinyo zezindawo zokusebenza zokuziphatha ziyavumela ukuthi izinkampani zesi-scent zinakho ukugcina ukuthwasa okuphelele kuphela emva kwezinsizakwane eziyisibili kusukela kusetyenziswa. Kumaqondo aphatha ukuthwasa okuphelele—njengezindawo zokuziphatha abantwana nezindawo zokuziphatha—ukuthwasa kuphela akakwazi ukufikilela emaqondeni okuvumelwa ngokwempilo yomoya nokulinda ubulungiswa bokuziphatha.

Izinkampani ezingasenti nge-EPA-Registered Odor Control: Ukuvumela Ukuthwasa Okuphelele Ngokwemiphumela Yezinkampani Zokuthwasa Zokudlala

Amathuba okuvuselela engakwazi ukunqamuka ayisenzela ubudlela ngokwakho ngokusetshenziswa kwezinkambo ezihlukene zokusebenza eziyisuswe ngu-EPA—kakhulu ikhaboni ephindwe kabusha noma izinkabi zezinkabi—ezithatha noma zihlanze i-VOCs njenge-ammonia ne-butryic acid. Ukuhlukanisa kwakhiwe ngo-2023 kwalibhala isikhombiso sokuphinda kuphinda amathuba okuvuselela engakwazi ukunqamuka esuswe ngu-EPA ngamathuba okuvuselela okuqondile kwezinye izinhloso. Ngama-72 amahora, wabona ukuthi amathuba okuvuselela engakwazi ukunqamuka akwenza ukuthi amonia kufutshane ngama-92% futhi butyric acid kufutshane ngama-88%—okufutshane kubekhona ngamazinyo amaningi. Isilayini sakhe esisodwa sokuqinisa isifunda sokuthi isigasikhi siyaphuma, ngakholo kwezinkambo zokuthula ubudlela ziyasebenza ngokuphambuka. Kuyisisekelo, amathuba okuvuselela engakwazi ukunqamuka asenzi ukuthi kuzosha i-VOCs ezinye, okuthiwa ukuthi kungakho okunye okwenza umuntu othile, umntu owenza umsebenzi, noma umntu owenza umsebenzi wokulinda abantwana ukuthi aqonde. Kumaqembu eqinisekileyo ekwenzeni amaphepha amaningi—khusukela amaqembu okwenzeka ngokwesikhathi sokuhlola ukuthi kuyisikhundla sokusebenza noma okwenzeka ngokwesikhathi sokuhlanganisa—le teknoloji iyathumela ukuthi ubudlela kubekhona ngokuphambuka, kubekhona ngokujwayelekile, kanye nokuthi kubonekile ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekwa ngokuthi kuyisikhundla sokusebenza.

Ubucophele, Ubukhanyisa, Nokuthi Kuyisibonelo Sokuphila: Ngani Amathuba Okuvuselela Engakwazi Ukunqamuka Ayisenzela Ikhetho Lomqondo Wokusebenza

Ukuphuma kwe-VOC, Isibopho sokugula kwabantwana ngokugula kwe-Respiratory, nokuzimisela kwezindlela zokusebenza ze-CPSC/AAP

Ukukhanya kwezinyawo zokuhlunga kwelanga kuyisiphumo esikhundleni sokubhekana kwezinyawo zokuhlunga ezinamathemba nezilungile. Iziphakathi zezinyawo zokuhlunga ezinamathemba ziyabula i-VOCs—kunazo u-limonene no-alpha-pinene—okuzokwenza izimpilo ezingaphambili njenge-formaldehyde lapho zihlanganisa ne-ozone yomhlaba. Umsebenzi woku-2021 wabonisa ukuthi izinto zokusebenzisa emaphandleni ezinamathemba ziyabula isibalo sesi-17 se-VOCs ngasinye isampulu, nokho kunezinye ephikisana ku-100 (Isayensi Yomhlaba & Isayensi Yekhono). Abantwana abancane bakhuleka kakhulu: bafuna amandla okuhlunga kabili ngasinye kg yomthwasa wabo kunabantu abadala, futhi babesekhuluma imithwasa yobuhlunga nobuhlunga. Umsebenzi woku-JAMA Pediatrics owaqhubeka ngeminyaka (2022) wabonisa ukuthi ukubhekana okuningi nezinto zokusebenzisa emaphandleni ezinamathemba zihlakisa ukuphila kwezimpilo zokuhlunga ngokuphakeme kwe-28% kubantwana abancane kunezindaba zokuhlunga. Ngokuphindelela, i-Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) ne-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) zilungise ukuthi kufanele kususwe izimpilo zokuhlunga zokuvula emaphandleni abantwana abancane—futhi i-AAP iyavumela izinto zokusebenzisa emaphandleni ezingenamathemba ukuze kususwe izimpilo zokuhlunga. Kusukela kubabuyi be-B2B—izikhululo zebantwana, izihospitali, nebabopheleli bezindawo—ukukhetha izinyawo zokuhlunga ezingenamathemba, okwenzekwa ngokuvumelana nge-EPA, kuyasebenza ngokuphelele ekuvumeleni, kususa ukuthi kubhekane nokuhlaziywa, futhi kusiza ukuthi kubhekane nokukhanya kwezinyawo zokuhlunga.

Ukwenza Inketho Eyangcono Kusendaweni Yakho: Izimplication Zokusebenza, Zokulawula, Nokubona Kwabasebenzi

Kumaphoyisa okukhanya, amaklinikasi okwesifundo, Namanye imikhaya yokukhanya, inketho phakathi kwezinketho zokuphatha izinkhala zokukhanya nezinkhala ezingenakho ukukhanya kuyathuthukisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi esinye, ukulawula, nokuthemba kwebaba. Izinkhala ezingenakho ukukhanya nesibonelo sokulawula i-EPA sokulawula izinkhala zokukhanya kuyathuthukisa ukuthulula okuphelele kwe-ammonia ne-sulfides—ngaphandle kokugcina okungavunyelwa okuvuleka kwezinkhala zokuvalela ezinkhethekileyo. Izinkhala zokukhanya zingakhathalisi kakhulu kuqala, kodwa izinto zokukhanya zazo zihlukana izinkhala zokuvalela ngokuphansi kwezinsuku, kuvuze ukuthi kufanele kuzilungiselela ngokushesha futhi kuvuze izinto ezingafanele zokugcina.

Amazwana okuziphatha kwezomnotho azisiza lokhu. Izindawo kufanele zihambisane nezindlela zokusebenza zokuhlanza kwamanzi endaweni yokugcina—ezinikezwe ngokusho kwe-CPSC ne-AAP, ezimbili zibeka isibonelo ngokuthi kungafanele ukuthi kubhaleke amasimbi asebenzayo e-VOC emaphandleni okuphakanyiswa kwabafana. Ukukhetha ngokweminyaka ukusebenzisa izinkampani ezingenakho imithi yezinkampani kunceda ukuncima ukubhaleka kwezindlela zokusebenza, ukubhaleka kwezindlela zokusebenza, noma ukubhaleka kwezindlela zokusebenza okuthi kungahlanzwa ngokuhlanza kwamanzi. Izinkampani ezingenakho imithi yezinkampani zinconywa ukubhaleka kwezindlela zokusebenza futhi zihambisane nezindlela zokusebenza eziphezulu.

Okwesibili, ubuzwe bokusebenzisa inkundla kubhekana nezinkambo zokubonakala nokubonakala kokhanyisa. Abaparenti bakhathazeka ngokukhulu ukusebenzisa izindawo zokulungisa okungakho isihlambululo, ezinokuthola ukuthi kuzokwenza ngokwesibonelo. Ukubika ukuzilungisa okukhetwa ngokomlando okungakho isihlambululo, okufakiwe ngaphandle kwe-EPA kubonisa ukuthi inkundla iyabona ubuhle bakithi abantwana—futhi iba yinkambo yokubonakala okuyakwenzela ukuthi kubalekwe kakhulu ukubaleka, ukubaleka kakhulu, nokubiza abanye ngokusho lwezwi. Isimo esisodwa sokuphuma kwemiphumela yokuqondwa kwezinyawo zokudlula kusuka kwezinhlobo zokugcina kungasindisa ngokushesha ukubonakala okutholakala ngokucacile. Ngokukhetha izinhlobo zokugcina ezingakho isihlambululo, okufakiwe ngaphandle kwe-EPA, amasimu ayilungisa ubuhle, ayizimisele imisebenzi yabo, futhi ayabutha isibalo sakhe njengomunye wokubonakala kokhanyisa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Iziphi izindlela zokulungisa isihlambululo ezisetyenziselwa kwezinhlobo zokugcina kwezinkundla zokugcina izibomvu?

Izinhlobo zokugcina kwezinkundla zokugcina zisetyenzisa ukugcina kwezinhlobo zokugcina ngokwezinhlobo eziningi zezifilmu futhi zisetyenzisa ukulungisa isihlambululo ngokwezichaza nge-carbon ephakanyisiwe noma nge-zinc oxide ukuthi zilunge isihlambululo sokuthi sisho ngokwezinhlobo zokuthi zingahlanganisiwe.

2. Liyisikhathi esingakho isihlambululo sokugcina kwezinkundla zokugcina kuyasebenza kangakanani kunazo ezinokuhlambulula?

Yebo, izinkokhelo zokubeka izibhanku zezibhanku zokungafani nesihlangothi zinamandla kakhulu ngoba zihlupha izinye zezinye zokuhlanza ngokwakho ngaphandle kokuthenga i-VOCs ozinokuthinta ukuzimela kwemithambo.

3. Kungani amabusiness esikhundleni sokulwa kufanele abe nezinkokhelo zokubeka izibhanku zezibhanku zokungafani nesihlangothi?

Izinkokhelo zokungafani nesihlangothi zisiza ukuthi kwenziwe ukuthembana nokholwa kwe-CPSC/AAP, zilahlela izindlela zokusebenza, zinikeza ukuthi kwenziwe ukuchazwa kwezinye zezinye zokuhlanza, futhi zinikeza ukuthi umoya wendawo yobukhona obuhle kubantwana nabasemthwini.

4. Izinkokhelo zokufana nesihlangothi zinokuthinta ubukhona kubantwana?

Yebo, izinkokhelo zokufana nesihlangothi zihambisa i-VOCs ozinokuthatha isikhathi sokuhlupha nge-ozone ukuze zidale izinto ezingaphansi ezinokuthinta ukuzimela kwemithambo kubantwana, futhi zizivula izindlela zokulwa kwebantwana.